城市污水处理工艺综述

介绍了国内外活性污泥废水处理的最新工艺。     

Behavioral therapy for spasmodic dysphonia

This paper presents a general schema for classifying treatment approaches for both functional and organic voice disorders. It's use is illustrated by a review of treatments for Spasmodic Dysphonia. Most behavioral approaches have been found to be unsuccessful except for mild cases. Inhalation speech as a compensatory technique has been reported as somewhat successful for those mild/moderate cases for whom medical/surgical treatment has not been available. The fact that organic treatment levels have been more successful in the treatment of Spasmodic Dysphonia may lend support to an organic etiology     

微量元素制剂辅助治疗复发性口疮疗效观察

报道了１０３例ＲＡＵ患者使用微量元素制剂辅助治疗的临床疗效观察。将两个实验组分别与对照组比较。结果显示：应用锌、铁制剂辅助雷公藤、复方丹参等治疗的实验组Ｉ效果优于雷公藤、复方丹参对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而仅用锌、铁制剂治疗的实验组Ⅱ临床效果比对照组差（Ｐ〈０．０１），但锌、铁制剂有改善ＲＡＵ临床症状作用，而不能较好地控制其复发。     

慢性铅中毒一例

详细问诊，为诊断慢性铅中毒提供了重要依据。     

粉末活性炭与碱式氯化铝混凝处理微污染水源水的研究

用粉末活性炭吸附与碱式氯化铝混凝相结合的工艺处理微污染生活水源水,研究活性炭种类、加入量和加入先后等因素对原水嗅味、色度和有机物等去除效率的影响。结果显示,投加40mg/L200mesh活性炭以后再进行混凝,对各种污染物的去除效果较好,对原水异嗅味、色度、浊度、矿物油和苯酚的去除率分别达到71%~90%,对CODMn、TOC和氨氮的去除率分别在47%~53%、26%~27%和10%~18%范围。     

Modeling the adsorption of U(VI) onto animal chitin using coupled mass transfer and surface complexation

This paper reports the development of a treatment system, using animal chitin as a passive biosorbent, for removing U(VI) from aqueous waste streams. An integral part of this system is a model that provides for the optimization of the treatment system through simulation of U(VI) removal efficiency based on the characteristics of the influent waste stream. The model accounts for changing solution matrix conditions through the coupling of surface complexation and mass transfer models. Complexation of U(VI) by chitin surface sites was modeled using FITEQL. Application of FITEQL in the “forward” mode provided the sorbed and aqueous phase concentrations needed for the mass transfer model. The mass transfer model was derived for both batch and continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) configurations using Fick's Law, reactor mass balances and rate law expressions. The coupled model was successfully validated using CSTR data at pH 6.5 and rate constants determined from batch sorption experiments. The CSTR configuration yields a steady-state, eighty percent U(VI) removal for 1 μM influent U(VI) with a solution-phase pH of 6.5 and 3.9 g l⁻¹ chitin.     

Estimating Individual Treatment Effect in Observational Data Using Random Forest Methods

Estimation of individual treatment effect in observational data is complicated due to the challenges of confounding and selection bias. A useful inferential framework to address this is the counterfactual (potential outcomes) model, which takes the hypothetical stance of asking what if an individual had received both treatments. Making use of random forests (RF) within the counterfactual framework we estimate individual treatment effects by directly modeling the response. We find that accurate estimation of individual treatment effects is possible even in complex heterogenous settings but that the type of RF approach plays an important role in accuracy. Methods designed to be adaptive to confounding, when used in parallel with out-of-sample estimation, do best. One method found to be especially promising is counterfactual synthetic forests. We illustrate this new methodology by applying it to a large comparative effectiveness trial, Project Aware, to explore the role drug use plays in sexual risk. The analysis reveals important connections between risky behavior, drug usage, and sexual risk. Supplementary material for this article is available online.     

Allostatic load as a complex clinical construct: A case‐based computational modeling approach

Allostatic load (AL) is a complex clinical construct, providing a unique window into the cumulative impact of stress. However, due to its inherent complexity, AL presents two major measurement challenges to conventional statistical modeling (the field's dominant methodology): it is comprised of a complex causal network of bioallostatic systems, represented by an even larger set of dynamic biomarkers; and, it is situated within a web of antecedent socioecological systems, linking AL to differences in health outcomes and disparities. To address these challenges, we employed case‐based computational modeling (CBM), which allowed us to make four advances: (1) we developed a multisystem, 7‐factor (20 biomarker) model of AL's network of allostatic systems; (2) used it to create a catalog of nine different clinical AL profiles (causal pathways); (3) linked each clinical profile to a typology of 23 health outcomes; and (4) explored our results (post hoc) as a function of gender, a key socioecological factor. In terms of highlights, (a) the Healthy clinical profile had few health risks; (b) the pro‐inflammatory profile linked to high blood pressure and diabetes; (c) Low Stress Hormones linked to heart disease, TIA/Stroke, diabetes, and circulation problems; and (d) high stress hormones linked to heart disease and high blood pressure. Post hoc analyses also found that males were overrepresented on the High Blood Pressure (61.2%), Metabolic Syndrome (63.2%), High Stress Hormones (66.4%), and High Blood Sugar (57.1%); while females were overrepresented on the Healthy (81.9%), Low Stress Hormones (66.3%), and Low Stress Antagonists (stress buffers) (95.4%) profiles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 291–306, 2016     

Photo-responsive nanoparticles for β-lapachone delivery in vitro

We reported a one-step encapsulation of indocyanine green (ICG) in ZIF-8 nanoparticles (NPs). The as-prepared ICG@ZIF-8 NPs possess an absorption band in the near infrared region and have the good photothermal conversion efficiency.